Manajemen Asma Bronkial Eksaserbasi Akut Derajat Sedang pada Wanita Usia 30 Tahun: Sebuah Laporan Kasus

Abstract

Background: Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways characterized by wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough that vary over time. Acute exacerbations of asthma can be life-threatening if not managed properly. This case report aims to describe the comprehensive management of acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma in an adult patient. Methods: Observational case report on a 30-year-old female patient who presented to the Emergency Department with acute shortness of breath. Data collection was carried out through anamnesis, physical examination, and supporting investigations. Results: The patient was diagnosed with moderate acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma. Clinical findings included tachypnea, tachycardia, decreased oxygen saturation, and lung auscultation showing diffuse bilateral wheezing. Initial management included oxygenation, short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) nebulization combined with anticholinergics, and systemic corticosteroids. Clinical response showed significant improvement within 2 hours post-intervention. Conclusion: Prompt and appropriate management of acute asthma exacerbations according to Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) guidelines is crucial. Education regarding adherence to controller medications and avoidance of triggers is essential to prevent future relapses.